Ten Amazing Contributions India Made To The World

India everywhere in the world is recognized for its drastically varying cultures, food, and diversity in languages. It is the home of one thousand million people which makes it the second most populous nation in the world. In addition, it is the birthplace of many great leaders, scientists, mathematicians and visionaries namely MK Gandhi, CV Raman, Shri Ramanujam, Swami Vivekanand and many others.

India moreover has astonished the world with its ten amazing contributions which are as follows:

YOGA

Yoga is believed to have originated in India since the pre-Vedic period of Indian history(c.a.1500-c.a.500 BCE). it stems from religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism. In modern day whichever place you visit, you will definitely find a gym with yoga classes.

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RADIO BROADCASTING

Guglielmo Marconi, an inventor, engineer and a Nobel prize winner is believed to be the founder of radio broadcasting, but however, it was an Indian scientist Jagadish Chandra (a Bengali by origin) who prematurely conducted the experiment using millimeter range wavelength microwaves and ringing bells. Four years down the line, this was reproduced by his invention of the 'iron-mercury-iron coherer with telephone detector'-the forerunner of wireless communication. 1978 Nobel prize winner for physics- Sir Neville Mott once quoted that Bose was "sixty years ahead of his time."

FIBER OPTICS

Imagine your world without google baba, you can't even dare to dream your world without it. Google derives its very existence from the internet and (web) drives its sole existence from fiber optics. Moreover, the vital nature of fiber optics goes beyond the web to transport, telecommunication and to medical.

The 'father of fiber optics' is Narinder Kapany, a physicist, and entrepreneur by profession. He was born in Moga, Punjab. Moreover, he was the lead author of various technical papers between 1955-1965, one of which was published in scientific American (1960).

SNAKES AND LADDERS

Snakes and ladders once enjoying the status of the favorite indoor game in England have its origin in India, stemming from a game used to teach Hindu Values to children in which ladders represent virtue and the snakes evil. The historic name for the game is 'Mokshapat' or 'Moksha Patam' the main objective of which is to get to Vaikuntha (heaven). However, the religious and moral aspects were erased which the game originally incorporated to make it suitable for the British market.

THE USB PORT

Ajay Bhatt during 1990s along with his team started working on a device with the aim of computer connectivity and accomplished it till the end of the decade. Little did he know that his invention would revolutionize the way in which we connect our electronic devices. Mr Bhatt got public recognition after appearing in a television advertisement for intel in 2009 and also for winning The European Inventor award in the non-European category in 2013.

FLUSH TOILETS

Archeological confirmation has shown that the notion of flushing toilet was first introduced by world's oldest civilization- The Indus Valley civilization(c.a 3,300-c.a.1,300 Bce). Innovative reservoirs and systems connected to individual houses have been found in this Bronze Age civilization which now forms present day Kashmir.

SHAMPOO

Shampoo now is a vital part of our daily life. It makes us feel fresh, smells good and adds to the beauty of our hairs. A shower without shampoo is like eating idli without sambhar and is unthinkable. The primary version of shampoo was first made in India in the 15^th century by boiling Sapindus (a shrub and member of lychee family), amla (sort of Indian gooseberry) and other herbs. British colonial traders were the earliest to introduce shampoo in Europe. However, it took several hundred years to make it reach to the common masses.

COTTON CULTIVATION

We all are aware of the fact that cotton is used in making many things namely terrycloth for highly absorbent towels, T-shirts, denim for blue jeans and many other things. But how many of us know that where was it first cultivated? Well, then it was first cultivated by Indians during 5^th-4^th millennium BCE in the Indus Valley civilization which now comprises of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India.

The Greeks and the Arabs became familiar with cotton after the wars of Alexander The Great. Moreover, according to the 2011 reports India is the 2^nd largest exporter of cotton with U.S. being the first.

CATARACT SURGERY

Cataract is clouding of the eye lens and causes hindrance in vision and in some cases cause blindness as well. However, this could be cured by performing a surgery and removing the cataract. The earliest form of cataract surgery which in the present, is known as 'couching' was first found in ancient India and the Indian physician Sushruta had the knowledge and skill to perform this surgery. Back then many Greek scientists traveled to India to learn it and to get the surgeries done.

Moreover, this form of surgery was introduced into China from India.

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KABADDI

Kabbadi is a contact sport which is played between two teams with seven members each. It has its origin in ancient India. However, kabaddi now is the national game of Bangladesh. This game lost itself somewhere in between and was not popular much. But now for the revival of the sport and to gain its popularity which it enjoyed back then leagues likes Pro kabaddi league, UK kabaddi league, and world kabaddi league are played among various franchises owned by celebrities and many popular faces.

(inputs from BBC and Gauri Kumari)